Market Value: The price an asset would fetch in the marketplace. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Ruplal House: heritage held hostage. positive feedback from the reviewers. The standard value of DO in river water should be 8 mg/L of oxygen [6]. Information and translations of commercial value in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. The Dhaka South City Corporation has taken an initiative to reclaim now dead old channel of the river Buriganga on the western part of the capital which was once the main stream of high tide Old Ganges. From Table 2, among the species, L. parsia and H. limbatus exhibited significant relationship (regression line) with As only, where T. toil showed significant relationship with As and Pb (p 0.05). 2020. Conceptualization, B.K. Environmental Science and Pollution . The mean bioaccumulation factors of the metals were observed in the studied species as follows: Cu > As > Pb > C > Cd.). Aly, E.A. ; Chung, V.; Morgan, O.A. profound effect on the water quality of the river. For example, the model can be used to assess the potential adverse effects (loss in USD) of failing to restore polluted river systems. Prostatic proliferative lesions, lung cancer, bone fractures, kidney failures are associated with chronic exposure to Cd, even at a low concentration of ~ 1 mg/kg [17, 18]. Methodology, In that case, multiple projects should be formulated and implemented jointly and concurrently to address the entire problem comprehensively [. It showed that dynamic impact assessment explores different potential impacts of the projects on populations. Buriganga River | The Daily Star This future trend analysis provided insights for successful and sustainable projects. Notably, a considerable level of Cu become swelled up in the study area due to oil droppings from ships and boats, recurrent usage of antifouling paints and other boating interferes [107]. Available online: IQAir. These 15 elements are V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Ba, Hg, Pb, Bi and U, and . Streatfield, P.K. Available online: Thiry, G.; Roman, P. The Inclusive Wealth Index. Available online: Haque, A.; Sharna, F.K. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219336.t001. Available online: Angello, Z.; Behailu, B.; Trnckner, J. Buriganga River Pollution: Its Causes and Impacts - ResearchGate 'Cantonment' on Buriganga river | The Daily Star Indiscriminate dumping of commercial wastes and discharge of spent liquors containing a variety of industrial chemicals used in textile and leather processing are severely polluting the Rivers. In both scenarios, the regulating service values declined as the polluted river system lacked flood, water, and soil nutrition regulation. [Reprinted from (www.wikipedia.org) under a CC BY license, with permission from (Wikipedia), original copyright (2007)]. However, calculated CR values indicated that both age groups were not far from the risk, and HI values demonstrated that children were nearly 6 times more susceptible to non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health effects than adults. ; software, B.K. Funding: Sampling was performed by self-funded. Yes Sustainability. Bedarkar, M.; Dhingra, U.G. The established equation to assess the CR is as follows [60, 61, 80, 81]: Khorshed, A.; Marinova, D. Sustainability and river restoration. However, Scenario 3 generated a DO value above 6 mg/L and BOD below 6 mg/L over time and will have a positive IW (57.5 billion USD) in 2041. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0, GSC Advanced Research and Reviews (GSCARR) is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License. Cu and Pb were the most dominant elements in PC 1, corresponded with the loadings of 20.78% and 20.70% respectively. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Water. Collins, R.D. (4) How would the investment be sustainable? dPC/dt = PCg(t)(Iv + ALv + Hv + Prv) PCd(t). In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader. According to R. C. Majumdar, in the distant past, it is probable that a course of the Ganges river used to reach the Bay of Bengal through the Dhaleshwari River. It is apparent that the major source of. Protection of River to Save Agricultural Economy, Life-Livelihood and Environment: Role of State and Citizens. The results showed that children were exposed to higher CRs than adults. , DO, BOD, COD and Chloride were selected for calculating the Water Quality Index (WQI) of the Buriganga River. PDF An Investigation Into The Water Quality Of Buriganga - A River - IJSTR Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219336.t006. TSS and Cl discharged from industry, commercial sectors and ion are within the safe limit throughout the year. Technol. The findings showed that ecosystem destruction could lead to significant economic losses (78 billion USD) to society. To execute hierarchical cluster dendrogram, the Ward-Linkage method was employed with Euclidean distance, which resulted in three distinct clusters, presented in Fig 3. This river connects Dhaka through other channels tortes of the Bengal and beyond and this factor was a prime consideration for choosing Dhaka as the capital of Bengal by the Mughals. Generally, high correlations between specific heavy metals in the environment may reflect similar levels of contamination and/or release from the same sources of pollution [40]. Accumulation of heavy metals (V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Ba, and Pb) and associated human he After cooling, 0.5 g of muscle samples were placed in 10ml of of 100% HNO3. Buriganga River - Beautiful Bangladesh ; visualization, B.K. The river Buriganga (234436.61-23345.58 o N, 902045.08-903041 o E) . No, Is the Subject Area "Ecosystems" applicable to this article? Funding acquisition, Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were calculated as a ratio between the concentration level of biota (those in water) and the living environment of the specimens, and was expressed as follows [4446]: Banglapedia 2015. Kantor, S. The Economic Benefits of the San Joaquin River Restoration. Carcinogenic risk assessment suggested local consumers were free from the risk of cancer for the time being but they might be affected in future upon consumption of fish from studied region. The hierarchy of the measured concentration level (mg/kg) of the metals was as follows: Pb (13.88) > Cu (12.10) > As (4.89) > Cr (3.36) > Cd (0.39). For example, the simulation results of changes in DO values in 2041 were 2.05 mg/L in Scenario 1 and 3.4 mg/L in Scenario 2 (, However, Scenario 3 is a sustainable condition for maintaining standard river water DO (6 mg/L) and BOD (6 mg/L) given the introduction of pollution load control (BOD) (optimum threshold: 87.78%), migration control (6%), and increased river flow (160 m, The DO/BOD ratio should be considered as the indicator of water quality instead of only DO value because a higher DO value can co-exist with a higher BOD value. Meanwhile, among all, species, P. chinensis exhibited the highest positive allometric growth, which was 37 times higher, than average value and 14 folds, on average, higher than other species. Yes Rahman. The equation is as follows: ; writingreview and editing, B.K. Its average depth is 7.6 metres (25ft) and its maximum depth is 18 metres (58ft). This paper is the presentation of the alarming pollution and contamination created by the river Buriganga as well as the major sources of pollution. The THQ formula is expressed as follows [60, 6365]: Vardakoulias, O.; Arnold, S. The Returns on Investment of River Improvement Projects: A Cost-Benefit Analysis of WRTs Interventions in Cornwall and Devon. The estimated BAFs are depicted in Fig 4. Existing textile mills, fertilizer factory, leather industry and agricultural activities in the catchment area of the river might be the sources of high concentration of Pb and Cd. Water ecosystem services and their value-a case study in Luan River basin, North China. Cluster 1 included As and Cr that could have been originated from anthropogenic activities like chemical industries. Finally, it is found that children were six times more vulnerable to non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks than adults. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219336.g004. Generally, bioaccumulation and biomagnification occur due to longstanding anthropogenic activities within a coastal ecosystem [8]. BIWTA pillars to 'legitimise' grabbed land on Buriganga ; Zhang, C.; Yin, J. Again, in the Persian Gulf, consumers at the threshold limit for As were in concern of carcinogenic risk [117]. World Bank Group. ; writingoriginal draft preparation, B.K. The Buriganga river system is located in the southern part of the north central region of Bangladesh, passing through west and south of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. The data are not publicly available due to privacy restrictions of related ministries. Writing review & editing, Affiliation and T.M. Moreover, the rank of the THQs of the elements was as follows: As > Pb > Cr > Cd > Cu. For more information, please refer to With all the previous efforts to save Buriganga river going in vain, Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) Mayor Sayeed Khokon yesterday came up with a plan to revive the river. What does commercial value mean? ; Johnson, V.L. The Buriganga river system is located in the southern part of the north-central region of the country, which passing through west and south of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. In Proceedings of the 35th Australian Conference of Economists (ACE), Perth, WE, Australia, 2527 September 2006; MacDonald, G., Ed. . The EC values of the water of the Buriganga, Dhaleshwari, Shitalakshya and Meghna rivers were found to be 366.0, 299.2, 290.4 and 130.8 S/cm respectively. In the 20th century the water table and river became polluted by polyethene's and other hazardous substances from demolished buildings near the river banks. Water in the Green Economy in Practice: Towards Rio +20. Business Dynamics: Systems Thinking and Modeling for a Complex World. Hence, there is no potential non-carcinogenic effect for the consumers due to intake of the fish species. The study includes a brief description of the present state of the Buriganga river, the sources of the Buriganga river pollution, the causes of the pollution, the impacts of the pollution. Calibration, validation, extreme condition, and sensitivity analysis confirmed the fidelity and reliability of the model. The pH value of all water samples varied from 4.09 to 7.41 (Table 2). The minimum value was found for T. toil, on the other hand, A. bato showed maximum bioaccumulation result. In February 2003, the cabinet decided not to acquire or lease out the Buriganga foreshores to keep the river's navigability and natural flow unharmed. "Old Ganges") is a river in Bangladesh which flows past the southwest outskirts of the capital city, Dhaka. PDF J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 141-146, 2015 - ResearchGate These sub-systems had feedback, non-linear relationships, and dynamic interactions in the resource system, which dictated their behavior over time. Citation: Ahmed ASS, Sultana S, Habib A, Ullah H, Musa N, Hossain MB, et al. The maximum metal accumulation was recorded in A. bato. where CnBiota is the concentration of metal in the tissues (mg/kg) and CnWater is the metal concentration in the aquatic environment (mg/l). Cost-benefit analysis is the most widespread method to assess the socio-economic sustainability of a project [, There are many model-based assessments, and among them, the SD model is prevalent in the water resources sector [, To the best of our knowledge, only three project evaluation studies on sustainability have employed this combined modeling. There are several manufacturing industries near the study area which largely use alloy, paints and poisonous chemicals containing As. Available online: Hao, C.L. The DO of all sites were very low, expect for Pagla and Fattula sites which were both downstream locations (Fig. Water Quality Assessment of the Buriganga River, Dhaka, Bangladesh - IISTE 2014. System dynamics simulation model for assessing socio-economic impacts of different levels of environmental flow allocation in the Weihe river basin, China. Nguyen, T.; Cook, S.; Ireland, V. Application of system dynamics to evaluate the social and economic benefits of infrastructure projects.