Hay worked for Lincoln's successful presidential campaign and became one of his private secretaries in the White House. Milton Hay's firm was one of the most prestigious in Illinois. Hay then made speeches and wrote newspaper articles boosting Lincoln's candidacy. [140], Little thought was given to the Chinese reaction to the Open Door note; the Chinese minister in Washington, Wu Ting-fang, did not learn of it until he read of it in the newspapers. Top 19 Tourist Spots in Baguio Philippines - Guide to the Philippines [151], Hay, again next in line to the presidency, remained in Washington as McKinley's body was transported to the capital by funeral train, and stayed there as the late president was taken to Canton for interment. Hay is one of the most pivotal figures in American public life. [57] Hay wrote editorials for the Tribune, and Greeley soon proclaimed him the most brilliant writer of "breviers" (as such editorials were called) that he had ever had. "[90] In 1888, Hay had to follow his own advice as his favored candidate, Ohio Senator John Sherman, was unsuccessful at the Republican convention. [6] In Pittsfield, John first met John Nicolay, who was at the time a 20-year-old newspaperman. John Hay Quotes and Sayings - Page 1. [139], Hay formally issued his Open Door note on September 6, 1899. [221] The books helped forge the modern view of Lincoln as great war leader, against competing narratives that gave more credit to subordinates such as Seward. John Hay, in full John Milton Hay, (born October 8, 1838, Salem, Indiana, U.S.died July 1, 1905, Newbury, New Hampshire), U.S. secretary of state (1898-1905) who skillfully guided the diplomacy of his country during the critical period of its emergence as a great power; he is particularly associated with the Open Door policy toward China. [32] He returned to Florida in January 1864, after Lincoln had announced his Ten Percent Plan, that if ten percent of the 1860 electorate in a state took oaths of loyalty and to support emancipation, they could form a government with federal protection. Greeley reported to Lincoln that the emissaries lacked accreditation by Davis, but were confident they could bring both sides together. Seeking a candidate of either party he could support as a reformer, he watched as his favored Democrat, Samuel Tilden, gained his party's nomination, but his favored Republican, James G. Blaine, did not, falling to Ohio Governor Rutherford B. Hayes, whom Hay did not support during the campaign. A hundred times he swore, Shin Yan et al. Raisuli demanded a ransom, but also wanted political prisoners to be released and control of Tangier in place of the military governor. [74], From May to October 1879, Hay set out to reconfirm his credentials as a loyal Republican, giving speeches in support of candidates and attacking the Democrats. "[85] The price for the combined tract, purchased from William Wilson Corcoran, was $73,800, of which Adams paid a third for his lot. According to Gale, "for a full decade before his appointment in 1897 as ambassador to England, Hay was lazy and uncertain. "The evils of tyranny are rarely seen but by him who resists it.". "[227] Their answer to that, expressed in ten volumes of biography, Gale wrote, "has been incredibly influential". [7] Once John Hay completed his studies there, the 13-year-old was sent to live with his grandfather in Springfield and attend school there. It was Hay's job to persuade potential supporters that McKinley was worth backing. John Hay - Wikipedia Omissions? In spite of these past differences, according to Taliaferro, "rapprochement made more sense than at any time in their respective histories". In London, King Edward VII broke protocol by meeting with Hay in a small drawing room, and Hay lunched with Whitelaw Reid, ambassador in London at last. He wrote poetry and experimented with hashish. In 1899 and 1900, Secretary of State John Hay issued what became known as the Open Door Notes to foreign powers involved in China. Two years later he assisted President Theodore Roosevelt in the diplomatic maneuvers leading to Panamas independence and the beginning of canal construction. [124], Hay believed that America's most valuable foreign relationship "by far" was its relationship with Great Britain. [188] Hay jokingly wrote to sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens that "there is nothing the matter with me except old age, the Senate, and one or two other mortal maladies". After Lincoln's death, Hay spent several years at diplomatic posts in Europe, then worked for the New-York Tribune under Horace Greeley and Whitelaw Reid. [14] Kushner and Sherrill were dubious about "the story of Lincoln's offhand appointment of Hay" as fitting well into Hay's self-image of never having been an office-seeker, but "poorly into the realities of Springfield politics of the 1860s"Hay must have expected some reward for handling Lincoln's correspondence for months. [6] On February 11, he embarked with President-elect Lincoln on a circuitous journey to Washington. Diplomatic Career Between 1865 and 1870, he was secretary of legation at Paris (1865-7) and Madrid (1867-8), and charg d'affaires at Vienna (1868-70). The gay market is estimated to be five to ten percent of the . And this was all the religion he had "[30], Lincoln sent Hay away from the White House on various missions. [51] Two legacies of Hay's time in Madrid were magazine articles he wrote that became the basis of his first book, Castilian Days, and his lifelong friendship with Sickles's personal secretary, Alvey A. Adee, who would be a close aide to Hay at the State Department. John Milton Hay (October 8, 1838 - July 1, 1905) was an American statesman and official whose career in government stretched over almost half a century. "[22] Hay continued to write, anonymously, for newspapers, sending in columns calculated to make Lincoln appear a sorrowful man, religious and competent, giving of his life and health to preserve the Union. Pinky Higgins Famous Memorial Flowers have been left Memorial ID 27 May 1909 - 21 Mar 1969. [50], Unemployed again, in December 1868 Hay journeyed to the capital, writing to Nicolay that he "came to Washington in the peaceful pursuit of a fat office. [149] He traveled to Buffalo on September 10; hearing on his arrival an account of the President's recovery, Hay responded that McKinley would die. [112] Another issue on which no agreement was reached was that of bimetallism: McKinley had promised silver-leaning Republicans to seek an international agreement varying the price ratio between silver and gold to allow for free coinage of silver, and Hay was instructed to seek British participation. [125] Eventually this proved successful, one example of this success being the HayPauncefote Treaty. Hay did not think this appropriate, as Venezuela also owed the U.S. money, and quickly arranged for the International Court of Arbitration in The Hague to step in. [8], Hay enrolled at Brown in 1855. Oftentimes the family trees listed as still in progress have derived from research into famous people who have a kinship to this person. Reid, in addition to his vice-presidential run, had been Minister to France under Harrison. Elizabeth Douglas of Angus (c.1489 - 1573) - Genealogy - Geni.com [194] In 1865, early in his Paris stay, Hay penned "Sunrise in the Place de la Concorde", a poem attacking Napoleon III for his reinstitution of the monarchy, depicting the Emperor as having been entrusted with the child Democracy by Liberty, and strangling it with his own hands. (2014) tested the Y chromosomes of seven modern male individuals who claim belonging to Aisin Gioro family, and they . 21. After the election, Roosevelt asked Hay to remain another four years. John Hay is the most famous person with last name Hay. [157], The deaths of his son and of McKinley were not the only griefs Hay suffered in 1901on September 26, John Nicolay died after a long illness, as did Hay's close friend Clarence King on Christmas Eve. [150] He was more cheerful after visiting McKinley, giving a statement to the press, and went to Washington, as Roosevelt and other officials also dispersed. [20], Hay and Nicolay divided their responsibilities, Nicolay tending to assist Lincoln in his office and in meetings, while Hay dealt with the correspondence, which was voluminous. John Hay | US Secretary of State, Civil War Diplomat | Britannica And if ever the Prairie Belle took fire, On March 20, 1900, Hay announced that all powers had agreed, and he was not contradicted. [238] Camp John Hay a United States military base established in 1903 in Baguio, Philippines, was named for John Hay, and the base name was maintained by the Philippine government even after its 1991 turnover to Philippine authorities.[239]. In October, President and Mrs. Hayes came to a reception at Hay's Cleveland home. What was seen as tough talk boosted Roosevelt's election chances. Several structures that were constructed during the time of the Americans in the Philippines still stands and remains to be a reminder of the friendship . [154], By letter, Hay offered his resignation to Roosevelt while the new president was still in Buffalo, amid newspaper speculation that Hay would be replaced. [205] Yet, when his steamboat catches fire, "He saw his duty, a dead-sure thing,/And went for it, ther and then. It went through eight editions in Hay's lifetime. Cults, Conspiracies, and the Twisted History of Sleepytime Tea - Inverse Lincoln doubted that they actually spoke for Confederate President Jefferson Davis, but had Hay journey to New York to persuade the publisher to go to Niagara Falls, Ontario, to meet with them and bring them to Washington. He needed little introduction to Cabinet meetings, and sat at the President's right hand. Hay faced a precarious situation; how to rescue the Americans trapped in Peking, and how to avoid giving the other powers an excuse to partition China, in an election year when there was already Democrat opposition to what they deemed American imperialism. His name is indelibly linked with that verity of the nation's Asian policy, the Open Door, and he contributed much to the resolution of the longstanding problems with the British. [215] By 1885, Hay had completed the chapters on Lincoln's early life,[216] and they were submitted to Robert Lincoln for approval. According to historian Scott Dalrymple, "in response, Hay proceeded to write an indictment of organized labor so scathing, so vehement, that he dared not attach his name to it. [a] As there was only authority for payment of one presidential secretary (Nicolay), Hay was appointed to a post in the Interior Department at $1,600 per year,[b] seconded to service at the White House. "[101], In the post-election speculation as to who would be given office under McKinley, Hay's name figured prominently, as did that of Whitelaw Reid; both men sought high office in the State Department, either as secretary or one of the major ambassadorial posts. I don't think the time for publication has come, but the time for preparation is slipping away. In March 1898, Hay warned that Russia, Germany, and France were seeking to exclude Britain and America from the China trade, but he was disregarded by Sherman, who accepted assurances to the contrary from Russia and Germany. See, Cromwell Varley, Perdicaris's stepson by his wife's first marriage to an Englishman, was also kidnapped. Hay's stance endangered his hitherto sterling credentials in the Republican Party. He was largely self-taught, and developed slowly. Another John Hay served as U.S. secretary of state under William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. Early 1905 saw futility for Hay, as a number of treaties he had negotiated were defeated or amended by the Senateone involving the British dominion of Newfoundland due to Senator Lodge's fears it would harm his fisherman constituents. Senator Hanna bitterly opposed that choice, but nevertheless raised millions for the McKinley/Roosevelt ticket, which was elected. Hay served for nearly seven years as Secretary of State under President McKinley and, after McKinley's assassination, under Theodore Roosevelt. The iconic image of The Hay Wain by John Constable remains one of the most famous British paintings in history and also serves as an important milestone in the development of landscape art. Hay was born to Dr. Charley and Helen Leonard Hay. Despite a price of $50, and the fact that a good part of the work had been serialized, five thousand copies were quickly sold. "friends are the sunshine of life." John Hay 3 likes Like "Ernst of Edelsheim I'll tell the story, kissing This white hand for my pains: No sweeter heart, nor falser E'er filled such fine, blue veins. The Honorable John Hay, Secretary of State, signing the memorandum of ratification on behalf of the United States Harper's, p. 430. When Nicolay, who had been made Lincoln's private secretary for the campaign, found he needed help with the huge amounts of correspondence, Hay worked full-time for Lincoln for six months. Dealing with a government with whom mendacity is a science is an extremely difficult matter. They were 66 years old at the time of their death. Much to their surprise, he keeps his word and shouts to them to "blaze away" as "The Chassepots tore the stout young heart,/And saved Society. Mary Hay+3. He served as President Lincolns private secretary from 1861 to 1865, and under succeeding Republican administrations he held various diplomatic posts in Europe. Hay told British politicians that McKinley, if elected, would be unlikely to change course. Hay was unenthusiastic about the editor-turned-candidate, and in his editorials mostly took aim at Grant, who, despite the scandals, remained untarred, and who won a landslide victory in the election. "Friends are the sunshine of life.". As Ambassador, he had attempted to forge a common policy with the British, but the United Kingdom was willing to acquire territorial concessions in China (such as Hong Kong) to guard its interests there, whereas McKinley was not. Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1991; pp 292295; Mansell, Donald E. Under the Shadow of the Rising Sun. [121] With America about to splash her flag across the Pacific, McKinley needed a secretary with stronger credentials. The American position on the boundary dispute was imposed on Canada by a 42 vote, with the one English judge joining the three Americans.[179]. [78] Garfield consulted Hay before and after his election as president on appointments and other matters, but offered Hay only the post of private secretary (though he promised to increase its pay and power), and Hay declined. Secretary of State John Hay demanded that European powers controlling portions of China grant equal access to the United States. That treaty failed in the Danish parliament on a tied vote. 2. By the middle of that month, the Boxers, joined by imperial troops, had cut the railroad between Peking and the coast, killed many missionaries and converts, and besieged the foreign legations. Hay is probably best remembered as the promoter of the Open Door policy, which was designed to counter the trend toward divisive spheres of influence in the Orient. Seward offered Hay a job as his private secretary, but Hay declined, and returned home to Warsaw, Illinois. Halsema, James J. E. J. Halsema: Colonial Engineer A Biography. [131], McKinley was of the view that equality of opportunity for American trade in China was key to success there, rather than colonial acquisitions; that Hay shared these views was one reason for his appointment as Secretary of State. [68], On December 29, 1876, a bridge over Ohio's Ashtabula River collapsed. Hay became nationally prominent with the election of President William McKinley, under whom he served as ambassador to Great Britain (189798) and then secretary of state. Hay resigned, spent the remainder of the summer in Europe, then went home to Warsaw. John Milton Hay 1838-1905 Although born in Indiana, the future U.S. Secretary of State grew up in Warsaw, Illinois. 9 Historic & Famous Hotels in Washington, DC | Washington DC [77] Hay felt that Garfield did not have enough backbone, and hoped that Reid and others would "inoculate him with the gall which I fear he lacks". [200] Gale deems Castilian Days "a remarkable, if biased, book of essays about Spanish civilization".[201]. Hay contributed funds to Harrison's unsuccessful re-election effort, in part because Reid had been made Harrison's 1892 running mate. [36] The two men were also motivated to find new jobs by their deteriorating relationship with Mary Lincoln, who sought their ouster, and by Nicolay's desire to wed his intendedhe could not bring a bride to his shared room at the White House. [234] Hay's New Hampshire estate has been conserved by various organizations. Born in Salem, Indiana to an anti-slavery family that moved to Warsaw, Illinois, Hay showed great potential from an early age, and his family sent him to Brown University. The following month, Lincoln sent him to Missouri to deliver a letter to Union General John C. Frmont, who had irritated the President with military blunders and by freeing local slaves without authorization, endangering Lincoln's attempts to keep the border states in the Union. Meetings were held in the Cabinet Room of the White House, where he found his old office and bedroom each occupied by several clerks. 1. [163] With Congress anxious to begin work on a canal bill, and increasingly likely to ignore the Clayton-Bulwer restriction, Hay and British Ambassador Julian Pauncefote began work on a new treaty in January 1900. In 1889, Hay supported McKinley in his unsuccessful effort to become Speaker of the House. In October, Roosevelt ordered Navy ships to be stationed near Panama. The Southerners refused to come to Washington to negotiate. Everyone wanted to know them if only to ask what it had been likewhat he had been like. One of McKinley's Canton cronies, with little experience of statecraft, Day was never intended as more than a temporary wartime replacement. With Vice President Roosevelt and much of the cabinet hastening to the bedside of McKinley, who had been operated on (it was thought successfully) soon after the shooting, Hay planned to go to Washington to manage the communication with foreign governments, but presidential secretary George Cortelyou urged him to come to Buffalo. Hay hoped to assist Sickles in gaining U.S. control over Cuba, then a Spanish colony. This was the fighting Teddy that America loved, and his frenzied supportersand American chauvinists everywhereroared in delight. [106], Reaction in Britain to Hay's appointment was generally positive, with George Smalley of The Times writing to him, "we want a man who is a true American yet not anti-English". [113], Hay had little involvement in the crisis over Cuba that culminated in the SpanishAmerican War. (2005) estimated that Nurhaci (1559-1626), founder and first Emperor of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) of China, and all subsequent Qing emperors, probably belonged to Haplogroup C3c, a subclade that seems to have arisen in Manchuria some 500 years ago. [130][131], Hay had been concerned about the Far East since the 1870s. Although the United States did not claim any parts of China, a third of the China trade was carried in American ships, and having an outpost near there was a major factor in deciding to retain the former Spanish colony of the Philippines in the Treaty of Paris. Ninety-two people died; it was the worst rail disaster in American history up to that point. [184], Although Hay gave speeches in support of Roosevelt, he spent much of the fall of 1904 at his New Hampshire house or with his younger brother Charles, who was ill in Boston. "[36] In 1866, in a personal letter, Hay deemed Lincoln, "the greatest character since Christ". The treaty was approved by the two nations, and work on the Panama Canal began in 1904. Amasa Stone needed someone to watch over his investments, and wanted Hay to move to Cleveland to fill the post. [61], By the time President Grant ran for reelection in 1872, Grant's administration had been rocked by scandal, and some disaffected members of his party formed the Liberal Republicans, naming Greeley as their candidate for president,[62] a nomination soon joined in by the Democrats. Never be passed on the river [75], In Washington, Hay oversaw a staff of eighty employees, renewed his acquaintance with his friend Henry Adams, and substituted for Evarts at Cabinet meetings when the Secretary was out of town. Hay remained active in politics, and from 1879 to 1881 served as Assistant Secretary of State. [158], Hay's involvement in the efforts to have a canal joining the oceans in Central America went back to his time as Assistant Secretary of State under Hayes, when he served as translator for Ferdinand de Lesseps in his efforts to interest the American government in investing in his canal company.