wildfire smoke pennsylvania

That gets our attention, but in terms of your lungs, they dont really care where the air pollution is coming from, Stewart said. Those cities, along with Washington and Baltimore, are under air quality alerts. PITTSBURGH (KDKA) -- Wildfire smoke is expected to cause unhealthy levels of pollution for sensitive groups of people across Pennsylvania on Monday. , Altoona native charged with 2nd-degree murder, Judge blocks Biden administrations policy limiting, Israeli doctors walk off the job, more strikes may, A fugitive Catalan separatist may hold the key to, China removes its outspoken foreign minister during, For Emmett Tills family, national monument proclamation, Gynecologist who sexually abused dozens of patients, DeSantis is unhurt in a car accident in Tennessee, EU agriculture officials work on ways to move Ukrainian, Ecuador announces a state of emergency in all of, Myanmars military plans to move Suu Kyi to house, Firefighting plane crashes in Greece, killing both, A Polish priest has been arrested for suspected drug, Asia-Pacific needs disaster warning systems to counter, Land mines are in place around a Russian-occupied, REVIEW: Barbie is ridiculously pink, incredibly, SideLine Cancer team looks to win $1M basketball, Centre County man sentenced in deadly 2021 DUI crash, One dead after multi-vehicle crash on I-99 in Bedford, NFL players father charged in eagles death: report, PSP: Woman was called by DA impersonator, threatened, Undertaker brings 1 deadMAN SHOW to Pittsburgh, Central Pa. weird dialect, phrases, and food, Police investigate after Unimart doors smashed out, BestReviews.com - Top gifts to make everyone happy this summer, Amazons best back-to-school deals for elementary, Home Depots 12-foot skeleton is back, so Halloween, Prime Day is over but 100+ of our favorites are still, Amazon Essentials clothes are practically free on, 90+ Prime Day toy deals you dont want to miss on, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, Avoiding the open burning of leaves, trash, and other materials; and. First published on July 16, 2023 / 4:04 PM. ONE 90 IN THERE TODAY. The counties under the alert include: The WGAL News 8 Storm Team has designated today as an Impact Day, meaning the day will likely feature weather that will disrupt your normal daily routing. Current Air Quality . The haze that fell over Pennsylvania surprised Sublette. PENNSYLVANIA Smoke from Canadian wildfires will linger in the air across Pennsylvania, with additional plumes to be expected through Wednesday evening, according to the National Weather Service. ALTOONA, Pa. (WTAJ) The air quality throughout Pennsylvania is considered unhealthy as smoke from the Canadian wildfires moves across the state again Monday. That smoke is part of what's contributing to our hazy skies. The haze that fell over Pennsylvania surprised Sublette. Avoiding the use of gas-powered lawn and garden equipment. The region is experiencing 295 active wildfires, with 15 igniting in the past two days,according to government data. Smoke billows from the Donnie Creek wildfire burning north of Fort St. John, British Columbia, on Sunday, July 2, 2023. Basemaps. Wearing a mask may help limit irritation of the respiratory system if you must spend time outdoors today," the weather service said Wednesday. Sensitive groups include children, the elderly, and people living with asthma, heart disease or other lung diseases. (June 8), Impact of Canada wildfire smoke on Delaware and how it compares with other wildfires, How Canada wildfire smoke is impacting DE, PA, NJ, See forecast for Delaware, New Jersey & PA, Traveling Canadian wildfire smoke shows Delaware can't hide from climate crisis reality, Blame Wednesday's poor air quality on Canadian wildfires, See where the haze is headed in Delaware, New Jersey and PA, Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. Climate Solutions, a collaboration of news organizations, educational institutions and a theater company, uses engagement, education and storytelling to help central Pennsylvanians toward climate change literacy, resilience and adaptation. 14 min ago This forecast image provided by AccuWeather shows levels of smoke from Canadian wildfires over Pennsylvania at 2 p.m. today. Where there's smoke in Northeast Pennsylvania, there's fire but in this case in Canada.Hazy smoke shrouding . WE HAVE OUR THREE H'S IN EFFECT TODAY. Wildfire Smoke in Multiple States 2023-06-29. The NWS said that the highest concentrations of smoke should be seen from Philadelphia and points south this afternoon, though not as extreme as previous days. The Air Quality Index (AQI) is still under 100 in Central Pennsylvania Monday morning, as of this writing, and the AQI is expected to increase as the smoke moves in from the west. pic.twitter.com/GKSl5wBgVx. The bad news is some of the most dense smoke may shift west toward Pittsburgh, Cleveland and Detroit, AccuWeather said. Legend. Recent air quality alerts in Pennsylvania that were caused by pollution from wildfires in the western United States and Canada could become more frequent with climate change. It is forecast to drop on Thursday from a red alert, which means it's unhealthy for the general population, to an orange alert unhealthy for sensitive groups. CAN'T BEAT THAT WEATHER AT THIS TIME OF THE YEAR. Scattered showers and a few thunderstorms will move through this afternoon and evening in parts of the area, forecasters said. The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection issued a "Code Orange" air quality alert Monday and Tuesday for the Philadelphia region, and for the Lehigh Valley and Berks regions. PENNSYLVANIA Smoke from Canadian wildfires will linger in the air across Pennsylvania, with additional plumes to be expected through Wednesday evening, according to the National Weather Service. Air quality alerts are indicators the air is unsafe to breathe for certain people. Sensitive groups, such as those with respiratory issues, children, and older people should avoid strenuous activity outside during poor air quality days. Just because you see it happen once doesnt mean its going to happen that way every single year. HERE'S THAT ISOLATED THUNDERSTORM CHANCE TONIGHTND A ISOLATED THUNDERSTORM CHANCE TOMORROW AS WELL AS THIS COLD FRONT COMES IN. Meteorologist Sean Sublette of Climate Central said consistent Jet Stream winds blew a huge volume of wildfire smoke to the east. Most of Canada is expected to be under high to extreme risk for much of the wildfire season, which stretches from May to September. Interactive real-time wildfire and forest fire map for Pennsylvania. USA TODAY. This content is imported from Twitter. Sign up for free Patch newsletters and alerts. Police narrow search for infant lost in flash flood, after 2-year-old sister's body found. Posted: Jul 19, 2021 / 05:57 PM EDT Updated: Jul 21, 2021 / 10:57 AM EDT The sky certainly looked different today, and this hazy look will continue over the next couple of days. A warming planet will produce hotter and longer heat waves, making for bigger, smokier fires, according to Joel Thornton, professor and chair of the atmospheric sciences department at the University of Washington. While the Commonwealth is under a code orange, most of Central and Western Pennsylvania are currently in the yellow and orange zone, according toairnow.gov. Anything over 100 is considered unhealthy., Canadian wildfire smoke gives Minnesota city the worst air in the US. 0:00. TOMORROW PARTLY SUNNY, COUPLE SHOWERS OR STORMS AS THAT COLD FRONT COMES THROUGH, BUT THEY WILL BE FEW AND FAR BETWEEN. (AP Photo/Noah Berger). Smoke is on its way! Since the air quality index reached hazardous levels Thursday, most parts of Delaware, Pennsylvania and New Jersey began seeing numbers drop throughout the night and into Friday. Showers and storms were expected to move through the region Friday, which could pull down more of the smoke particles once the rain departs. The large amount of smoke allowed it to better stick together, rather than dissipate, according to Sublette. Wind has carried smoke from the fires southward, triggering air quality alerts throughout the United States. Severe Thunderstorm Warnings Issued In PA: See Latest, Minister Charged In Cold Case Slaying: 5 PA Stories You Need To Read, Cookies Recalled At Major PA Grocery Store Could Contain Rocks, Site Of Emmett Till's Viewing, Funeral, To Become National Monument, Tony Bennett's Central Park Bench Memorializes Late Beloved Crooner, 'Finding Nemo' TikTok Promo By Brick Theatre Group Becomes Meme, Gov. Sublette said, as climate change creates conditions that lead to more intense wildfires, Pennsylvania could see more pollution from them. Homemade pizza can be made with wholesome ingredients and doesnt involve any delivery fees. NEW YORK -- Smoke from Canadian wildfires poured into the U.S. East Coast and Midwest on Wednesday, covering the capitals of both nations in an unhealthy haze, holding up . We want to hear from you. Smoke from Canadian wildfires has worsened air quality and lowered temperatures in parts of the United States, producing views of eerie glowing sunrises and hazy, thick skylines. SANTA MONICA, Calif. Wildfire smoke from Canada and the U.S. West spread across the continent this week, creating haze-filled skies and unhealthy air quality as far away as New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. NWS Pittsburgh pointed out the "milkish" tint to the sky on Sunday and said smoke is approaching from the west. Tryouts for school teams happen earlier in the year than you think. 1:10. Smoke from western wildfires has been transported by the jet stream across . In recent days, more than 80 wildfires have burned nearly 1.3 million acres in the West, which is experiencing a historic climate change-fueled drought that has triggered dangerously arid conditions, according to data from the National Interagency Fire Center. Reporters Reid Frazier, Rachel McDevitt and Susan Phillipscover the commonwealths energy economy. U.S. National Weather Service meteorologist Bryan Ramsey said. The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection declared Wednesday an Air Quality Action Day for Particulate Matter, with the agency recommending those with respiratory problems and children to avoid active time outdoors in the Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Lehigh Valley-Berks and Susquehanna Valley areas. All Rights Reserved. Widespread. The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection issued a statewide code orange air quality action day, meaning children, older people and those with respiratory problems should limit outdoor activities. On Tuesday, 238 out-of-control wildfires across Canada helped blanket multiple Canadian provinces, much of the Great Lakes region and parts of the northeastern U.S. Due to an area of low pressure that's hovering offshore, along with an area of high pressure over Canada, a northerly flow of air was funneling the smoke south into the U.S. from Canada, AccuWeather said. Updated: Jul 17, 2023 / 09:02 AM EDT. North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Wyoming and the entire state of New York. 2023, Hearst Television Inc. on behalf of WGAL-TV. Canada burns, US in a haze: Is climate change to blame? The alerts are in effect through Friday. HARRISBURG, Pa. . Risky AQI, which may pose a hazard for people who are sensitive to air pollution, begins at values above 50. Near-surface wildfire smoke heavily impacted the air quality across Ohio and Pennsylvania leading to reduced visibility, dim skies and even the cancellation of may outdoor events. the batch of thick smoke from the wildfire activity in western and northwestern Canada spread to the southeast and over much of the north central and central U.S., the Ohio Valley region, the . See current wildfires and wildfire perimeters in Pennsylvania using the Fire, Weather & Avalanche Center Wildfire Map. Check the current air quality in your town at AirNow.gov. Floods wash away children, scorching heat envelops the West as wildfire smoke overtakes northern US . "Seniors, children and those with compromised immune systems are especially at risk.". Other cities including Philadelphia and Boston also experienced AQI readings above 150, a level that is considered unhealthy for all people and significantly above exposure recommendations from the World Health Organization. It said a cold air front that was expected to move into the state Wednesday afternoon would bring cleaner air. IF YOU NOTICED HAZY SKIES YESTERDAY, YOU'LL SEE THEM TODAY. As of 3:30 p.m. Friday, here is the air quality index through the Delaware Valley, according to airnow.gov: An air quality alert remains in effect for New Jersey through Thursday night. Harrisburg and York's ratings on the Air Quality Index were among the worst in the nation on Thursday. Worst smoke ever? (June 8), Air quality in northeast Pa. remains a concern as haze continues, Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. HOT AND HUMID WEATHER RETURNS, WITH A HIGH NEAR 90. TEMPERATUR SESTAY IN THE MID 80S WITH A CHANCE FOR A FEW THUNDERSTORMS RERNTUING SUNDAY INTO MONDAY. As of 5:45 a.m. in York, the Air Quality Index ranked the city at 466. Pennsylvania wildfire, smoke map: Track latest wildfires, red flag warnings. You need to buy practical, quality equipment sooner rather than later. These pollutants most commonly cause difficulty breathing . TAKE A LIVE LOOK OUTSIDE RIGHT NOW HARRISBURG, YOU CAN SEE THAT HAZE AND A LITTLE FOG IN THE DISTANCE AS WELL. Canadian wildfire smoke map:See where the haze is headed in Delaware, New Jersey and PA What does hazardous air quality mean? Authorities warned residents across much of the Northeast to stay inside and limit or avoid outdoor activities Thursday, extending Code Red alerts in some places for a third-straight day due to smoke from wildfires in Canada. : How Canada wildfire smoke is impacting DE, PA, NJ. Today. Get the Android Weather app from Google Play, Penn State Bike Den to hold free biking workshop, UPS reaches tentative contract with 340,000 unionized, UPS, Teamsters announce tentative deal days before, Veterans encouraged to file claims to receive PACT, Bronny James, son of LeBron, in stable condition, Maggis run with Pirates organization ends, Lawsuits filed by ex-volleyball player and former, NFL suspends Broncos defensive end Eyioma Uwazurike, Denny Hamlin courts controversy, counts victories, Sponsored Content: Mount Nittany Vineyard & Winery, Sponsored Content: Maine Bay & Berry Co. shares summer, Duncansville Community Days to feature live music,, Meet Cornelia from the Huntingdon County Humane Society, 2023 Clearfield County Fair Fantastic Fan Sweepstakes, Hawaiian Three Island Paradise trip with Kaitlyn Moffett, 8 best kids equipment for the most popular sports, 100-plus back-to-school deals and must-haves, What you need to make your own pizza at home, Bicyclist killed during crash with vehicle in State, Centre County woman dies after weekend motorcycle, These popular TV shows were set in Pennsylvania. For much of Thursday, the Environmental Protection Departments in Delaware and Pennsylvania issued a Code Orange for the states while New Jersey declared an Air Quality Action Day statewide. Canadian wildfire smoke is on the move again, causing air quality to reach unhealthy levels throughout parts of Pennsylvania and the Northeast. LET'S WATCH THE PREDICR.TO NOTHING MUCH COOKING IN YOUR FORECAST TODAY, JUST A TOASTY TUESDAY FOR YOU, WHIT HHIG TEMPERATURES NEAR 90. Then it settled closer to the ground. JUST AS WE WRAP UP THE END OF. As of 7:00 a.m., that number had dropped to 409, but like Harrisburg, had York ranked among the worst cities in the nation for air quality. Northerly winds transported wildfire smoke from north of the Canadian border to Minnesota, prompting officials in the state to issuean air-quality alert. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) code orange has been issued through the entire Commonwealth for Monday, July 17. . Smoke from the ongoing wildfires in Canada could cause deteriorating air quality in the state on Monday afternoon, said National Weather Service forecasters. Code orange air quality alertThe Pennsylvania Department of Environment Protection has issued a code orange air quality alert for parts of Pennsylvania today. StateImpact Pennsylvania is a collaboration among WITF, WHYY, and the Allegheny Front. The AirNow Fire and Smoke Map provides information that you can use to help protect your health from wildfire smoke. Pennsylvania wildfire, smoke map: Track latest wildfires, red flag warnings Track the latest wildfire and smoke information with data that is updated hourly based upon input from several incident. The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection said in a news release that the smoke from the wildfires will likely contribute to daily average concentrations of fine particulate matter . TONIGHT COLD FRONT DROPS UTSOH, THERE COULD BE AN ISOLATED SHOWER OR THUNDERSTORM AROUND, LOWS NEAR 70. But it will happen more frequently than in the past and we need to prepare for it, he said. Air quality conditions should improve through the weekend and into next week, according to the NWS. The Statue of Liberty sits behind a cloud of haze on July 20, 2021 in New York City. #NJwx #PAwx #DEwx #MDwx pic.twitter.com/F6qgsfUbQY, How long will wildfire smoke last? Updated: 10:41 AM EDT June 8, 2023. DeSantis In Car Crash While Heading To TN Campaign Event: Reports, Delta Aquariid, Perseid Meteor Showers Ramp Up: When To See Fireballs, Man Walking Across America Makes Stops In The Keystone State, 'Open Primary' Legislation Supported By Bipartisan PA Lawmakers, Josh Shapiro Speaks Out After U.S. Supreme Court Overturns Roe v. Wade, How U.S. Supreme Court Ruling May Impact PA Gun Policy, 10 Of The Best Summer Activities in Pennsylvania: Photos. Spencer Platt | Getty Images SANTA MONICA, Calif. Wildfire smoke from Canada and the U.S. West spread across the continent this week, creating haze-filled skies and unhealthy air quality as. Wildfire smoke from Canada and the U.S. West spread across the country this week, creating haze-filled skies and unhealthy air quality as far away as New York and Pennsylvania. Monday is expected to see sunny - albeit hazy - afternoon skies with temperatures in the high 80s to low 90s. Just 24 hours ago, AQI values were around 350-450. R.I., and 129 in Pennsylvania's Lehigh Valley. Rutgers University's new study shows how dangerous Canadian wildfire smoke really is 02:34. Example video title will go here for this video, Ready, Set, Grow | Do's and don'ts of summer gardening. Another thunderstorm is expected to hit the state Tuesday afternoon, with between a tenth and quarter of an inch of precipitation expected, forecasters said. June 7, 2023 / 12:20 PM / CBS Philadelphia PHILADELPHIA (CBS) -- Across the region, iconic sights were obscured by smoke from wildfires burning in Canada that blew south into the Lehigh Valley,. He said wildfire smoke that crosses the U.S. normally stays high in the atmosphere, where it's not as noticeable. Copyright 2023 Nexstar Media Inc. All rights reserved. In Pennsylvania, 99 percent of all wildfires are caused by people. A massive transformer fire on Brunot Island burned into the night Monday, sending flames and plumes of smoke into the air over the Ohio River. A view on West Mountain is obscured by wildfire smoke from downtown Scranton . Sign up for free Patch newsletters and alerts. He said wildfire smoke that crosses the U.S. normally stays high in the atmosphere, where its not as noticeable. While levels decline, experts warn that health effects can still be immediately felt by sensitive groups. In recent days, more than 80 wildfires have burned nearly 1.3 million acres in the West, which is experiencing a historic climate change-fueled drought. Wildfire smoke returns to Pennsylvania, Code Red air quality alert issued by: James Wesser Posted: Jun 29, 2023 / 07:14 AM EDT Updated: Jun 29, 2023 / 07:14 AM EDT PENNSYLVANIA (WHTM) . Wildfire, smoke map for US, Canada US . Kevin Stewart, director of environmental health for the American Lung Association, said the haze was a reminder that people should take caution when air quality is bad. Get browser notifications for breaking news, live events, and exclusive reporting. July 16, 2023 / 4:04 PM Low visibility from the haze forced even temporary "ground stops" on all flights out of New York's LaGuardia Airport and Philadelphia International Airport early Thursday. PENNSYLVANIA AV / PENNSYLVANIA AV ONRP: Incident Type Category: Wildfire: Fire Cause: Undetermined: Fire Discovery Date Time: July 15, 2023, 7:15 p.m. . Wildfire season has been off to a slow start across the United States . 0:00. THAT WILL STAY TO OUR SOUTH TODAY. A code orange air quality alert is in effect for parts of central Pennsylvania today. The Department of Environmental Protection issued Code Orange Air Quality Alerts on Tuesday and Wednesday. #DEwx #MDwx #NJwx #PAwx pic.twitter.com/Nnqr14JZeO. #PAwx pic.twitter.com/itEzRc91qW. As of 9:15 pm, we have seen gradual improvement in air quality across the area with most locations now at Orange to Red levels. Sublette said there was an especially large amount of smoke making it to Pennsylvania in the last week because some of the fires were just getting started and fires produce more smoke early on. Got a confidential news tip? : See forecast for Delaware, New Jersey & PA, Climate change: Traveling Canadian wildfire smoke shows Delaware can't hide from climate crisis reality. The month of May was just off the charts, record warm in much of Canada, said Eric James, a modeling expert with the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science at the University of Colorado. HIGHS IN THE LOW 80S THURSDAY, LOW TO MID 80S FRIDAY. HAZY, HOT AND HUMID. MIGHT WANT TO LIMIT YOUR STRENUOUS ACTIVITY OUTDOORS TODAY. The air-quality alerts caution sensitive groups including children, older adults, and people with lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Residents that may be high risk or have existing lung and/or heart issues, such as asthma and bronchitis, are advised to limit their time outdoors. Previous fires in Nova Scotia and Alberta have sent smoke into Pennsylvania, prompting air quality warnings. Last week's air level quality brought the entire state of Pennsylvania under a Code Red alert, marking one of the worst air-quality readings on record. Canadian wildfire smoke is on the move again, causing air quality to reach unhealthy levels throughout parts of Pennsylvania and the Northeast. In southern Oregon, the Bootleg Fire, the season's largest blaze, has burned nearly 400,000 acres and has become so intense that it's generating enough heat and energy to change the weather. While there was gradual improvement in air quality across the area Thursday during the day, improvement plateaued overnight before likely continuing to slowly improve Friday, according to the National Weather Service in Mount Holly, New Jersey. These air quality issues come from the Canadian wildfires and even caused a section of Minnesota to have the countrys worst quality air, according to a story published by the Associated Press. Wildfire smoke contains tiny pollutants known as particle matter, or PM 2.5, that can get into the lungs and bloodstream once inhaled. Other Philly suburbs are currently in the "moderate" range. Jun 7, 2023 8:06 AM As smoke from Canadian wildfires continues to blow over Western Pennsylvania, the state Department of Environmental Protection has raised the pollution alert to code red,. High demand, heat in California threaten the power grid, Trump criminal target letter in election probe cites laws on conspiracy, witness tampering, Michigan attorney general charges fake Trump electors over alleged 2020 election crimes, Trump classified docs judge skeptical of push to delay trial past 2024 election. Certain conditions are necessary for a wildfire to occur: An available fuel source, such as dried grass or leaves Airnow.gov is forecasting the air quality in the Poconos and Lehigh Valley regions to move to moderate throughout the weekend and into Monday as the potential for the smoke returns. The smoke and ash from the wildfires was carried by the jet stream and cross-continental winds, triggering health alerts thousands of miles away, including the Upper Midwest and the Northeast, the National Weather Service said. Though fires are still burning in the western U.S., the haze has mostly cleared. For comparison, neighboring metropolis Philadelphia's air quality index ranked in the 200's on Thursday morning. That smoke is part of what's contributing to our hazy skies. Health officials have suggested that people in areas with especially poor air quality should wear filtered masks and avoid strenuous exercise outdoors. Highs will reach near 90.A cold front will bring relief from the heat and humidity late Wednesday. (Photo by . Alerts are triggered by a number of factors, including the detection of fine-particle pollution known as PM 2.5 which can irritate the lungs. The latest breaking updates, delivered straight to your email inbox. AIR QUALITY IS UNHEALTHY FOR SENSITIVE OUGRPS. Study finds radioactive materials in Pa. waterways near treatment plants linked with fracking waste, Home energy use can be expensive and contribute to climate change. Get this delivered to your inbox, and more info about our products and services. Rachel McDevitt reports on energy, the environment, and climate change for StateImpact Pennsylvania at WITF. It is recommend to limit time and any exertion outdoors. Unrelenting smoke drifting down from almost 1,000 Canadian wildfires triggered air quality alerts over vast sections of the U.S. and was expected to last through Tuesday . Quebec's fire prevention agency has said high temperatures and dry conditions have contributed to the raging fire season. NOT ON DO WE HAVE THE WESTERN WILD FIRE SMOKE IN OUR SKY, BUT WE HEAV LOW LEVEL POLLUTANTS AS WELL. Severe Thunderstorm Warnings Issued In PA: See Latest, Minister Charged In Cold Case Slaying: 5 PA Stories You Need To Read, Cookies Recalled At Major PA Grocery Store Could Contain Rocks, Site Of Emmett Till's Viewing, Funeral, To Become National Monument, Tony Bennett's Central Park Bench Memorializes Late Beloved Crooner, 'Finding Nemo' TikTok Promo By Brick Theatre Group Becomes Meme, Gov. The main concern is a brief period of gusty winds and small hail, they added. A few storms Tuesday, heat wave starts Wednesday! KDKA-TV First Alert Meteorologist Ray Petelin said the smoky conditions don't seem like they'll be as intense as a couple of weeks ago, but there will be enough smoke at the surface, combined with normal particulate, that is leading to an air quality alert.
Walk-in Clinic On Danforth, Botw Vilia 600 Rupees, Catching Feelings For Someone In A Relationship, Colony House Mountain Lake, Morristown Zoning Ordinance, Articles W