alaska caribou scientific name

Most female caribou have antlers, too. ; Layshev, K.A. A recovery was observed in 2010 with an increase to 169,000 animals. (2020) Rangifer tarandus L. [Genetic differentiation of the reindeer, Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, International Union for Conservation of Nature, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29742A22167140.en, United States Food and Drug Administration, 10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057[0658:roorrt]2.0.co;2, "The role of harvest, predators, and socio-political environment in the dynamics of the Taimyr wild reindeer herd with some lessons for North America", "Tradition 'snatched away': Labrador Inuit struggle with caribou hunting ban | CBC News", "Gray Ghosts, the Last Caribou in the Lower 48 States, Are 'Functionally Extinct', COSEWIC assessment and status report on the caribou, "Population Critical: How are Caribou Faring? ", The AB5 Little Smoky Herd "is the most critically disturbed boreal caribou habitat in the country" with "only five per cent of intact forest left in the Little Smoky Range. "Hypotheses for this decline included range destruction (fire and logging destroyed lichen which takes a long time to recover), increased hunting mortality, increased natural predation by wolves and increased movement to marginal habitats with high numbers. Given the state of caribou worldwide right now, it's a positive, shining light in the caribou world that there are some herds that are doing well. [85] The migratory forest-tundra woodland caribou, numbering about 20,000 in 2007[81] is found in northern Ontario, on the coastal plains south of Hudson Bay was not considered to be endangered. 01 Denali National Park View on Map A famous and long-studied caribou herd haunts the sweeping tundra wilderness on the north side of the Alaska Range inside Denali National Park. When Environment Canada (EC) introduced the new South Athabaska Sub-regional Strategic Environmental Assessment, it was partly in response to the cumulative effect of oil sands development on the habitat loss of the boreal woodland caribou, also known as woodland caribou (boreal), Rangifer tarandus caribou. Lichens, plants, and grasses. [38] The recent revision[10] is consistent with COSEWIC's designations and gives them Latin names according to international rules of zoological nomenclature. Menopause is rare among animals. 'Jaw-dropping' fossil reveals dinosaur vs. mammal battle, The unlikely survival of early monkeys, swept across the Atlantic, A hike through history in Pembrokeshire's Preseli Hills, Winchester, UK: Hampshire history & South Downs hikes, Standing Stone Circles of Northwest Arabia, 3 ways to hike Europe's Camino de Santiago, How to embrace slow travel in the Yorkshire Dales, March of the penguins in Australia's Phillip Island, Photograph by Joel Sartore, National Geographic Photo Ark. . Genetic research confirms this, documenting almost no introgression (interbreeding) of woodland caribou into barren-ground caribou and very few the other way. [36] The 1,500,000 acres (6,100km2) subsection on the coastal plain, known as the "1002 area"[37] is located between the Brooks Range and the Beaufort Sea. Using radio transmitters to track one herd of caribou, scientists learned that the herd moves much more than previously thought and they learned that each year the herd returns to about the same place to give birth. [79] However, on 5 March the government announced it would postpone the oil and gas lease auction in this endangered caribou range. [59], Management authorities include NWT Conference of Management Authorities (CMA) for boreal woodland caribou are the Government of the NWT, the Tch Government, the Wildlife Management Advisory Council (NWT), the Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board, the Sahtu Renewable Resources Board and the Wek'eezhii Renewable Resources Board. region of northern Alaska have negatively affected the distribution and productivity of the Central Arctic caribou herd (CAH) have been expressed in scientific literature and man-agement documents such as environmental impact statements. National Museum of Canada Bulletin No. Journal of Heredity 105: 585-596. In: Wilson DE, Reeder DM (Eds) Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference (3rd edition). "Cox, R. Environmental Communication and the Public Sphere, 2013, Sage Publications". For example, the extinct caribou Torontoceros [Rangifer] hypogaeus, had features (robust and short pedicles, smooth antler surface, and high position of second tine) that relate it to forest caribou. Moose, are the largest, with flat wide antlers, and they lead solitary lives in Canada and Alaska. [21] In 2001, some biologists feared development in the Refuge would "push caribou into the foothills, where calves would be more prone to predation. Of these, Alaska has barren-ground and woodland. [1][22], In the spring the pregnant cows move "northeast from the Alaskan winter ranges or north and northwest from the Canadian winter ranges. Vol. ; Deniskova, T.E. [28], A previous peak population occurred in 1989 with 178,000 animals and was followed by a decline by 2001 to 123,000. Following are excerpts relating to boreal woodland caribou. In: Wilson DE, Reeder DM (Eds), Mattioli, S. (2011) Family Cervidae: Deer. [23] The PCMB publish an annual Porcupine Caribou Harvest Report. Elliot, 1905 [2] Historical and present range of gray wolf subspecies in North America. Human activities like logging has made caribou more susceptible to predation from wolves and other animals who now have free access to caribou habitats. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute, List of Wildlife Species at Risk (Canada), "Population Critical: How are Caribou Faring? Density and population of boreal woodland caribou in British Columbia was not well known prior to 2000. Caribou make one of the world's great large-animal migrations. Paul's." Youngman PM (1975) Mammals of the Yukon Territory. people harvest about 22,000 caribou in Alaska each year. Migratory caribou herds are named after their calving grounds, in this case the Porcupine River, which runs through a large part of the range of the Porcupine herd. ", "Gwich'in Traditional Knowledge: Woodland Caribou, Boreal Population", "Species at Risk: Woodland Caribou Southern Mountain population", Environment and Climate Change Canada 2019, "General Habitat Description for the Forest-dwelling Woodland Caribou (, "Silviculture options for use in ranges designated for the conservation of northern caribou in British Columbia", https://wildlife-species.canada.ca/species-risk-registry/virtual_sara/files/cosewic/sr_Caribou_Northern_Central_Southern_2014_e.pdf, Summary Report: 2006 Maxhamish Range Boreal Caribou Inventory: Kiwigana, Fortune, and Capot-Blanc Core Areas, "Canada's Boreal icon at risk: a ranking of the most threatened herd ranges of woodland caribou", "Caribou Population Shrinking in Canada's Oil Sands: Study Finds Black-Throated Warbler Bird, Fisher Also Among the Severely Affected", "Alberta Plans Huge Energy Lease Sale on Range Used By Caribou", "Alberta postpones oil and gas lease auction in endangered caribou range: The caribou population was once rated as stable, but has seen a steep decline in the past three years", Environmental Commissioner of Ontario 2007, "Gros Morne National Park of Canada: A Place Mammals Can Call Home", "Tradition 'snatched away': Labrador Inuit struggle with caribou hunting ban", "Inuit, Inuu, Cree in Quebec and Labrador join forces to protect Ungava caribou: a united and powerful voice that will endeavour to preserve caribou", "Size of Nunavik's George River caribou herd nosedives: new survey", "Nunavik's Leaf River caribou herd "decreasing," survey concludes", "The need for the management of wolves an open letter", "Predicting Population-Level Responses of Boreal Caribou to Seismic Line Restoration", "Cumulative Effects Management System (CEMS)", Peace Region Boreal Caribou Monitoring: Annual Report 200809, "Experts concerned about collapse of wild forest reindeer population", "Consensus agreement on listing boreal caribou (, "Significance of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) ecotypes from a molecular genetics viewpoint", "Variation in Mitochondrial DNA and Microsatellite DNA in Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in North America", 10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[495:vimdam]2.0.co;2, "Disappearing species and enforcement warnings to oil company flagged in federal records", "Canada-Alberta Deputy Ministers meeting on regulatory improvement", "Status of woodland caribou in western north America", "Human natures, nature conservation, and environmental ethics", 10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0031:hnncae]2.0.co;2, Recovery Strategy for the Woodland Caribou (, Evaluation of Programs and Activities in Support of the, Amended Recovery Strategy for the Woodland Caribou (, "Conserving Woodland Caribou: The Benchmark for Northern Sustainability", Environmental Assessment for the Marathon PGM-Cu Project at Marathon, Ontario, "Defining subspecies, invalid taxonomic tools, and the fate of the woodland caribou", "Nunavik caribou numbers in rapid free-fall: George River herd drops by 80 per cent", "Aboriginal leaders of Qubec and Labrador unite to protect the Ungava caribou", "Demographic characteristics of circumpolar caribou populations: ecotypes, ecological constraints/releases, and population dynamics", "Managing a world long gone: the old mind in politics, the environment, and war", "Christmas reindeer mystery as world's largest herd plummets", "An examination of recovery planning for forest-dwelling woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in Ontario, Canada", List of Species at Risk in Canada, by category, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boreal_woodland_caribou&oldid=1165281837. [33], Both male and female boreal woodland caribou have antlers[12] during part of the year, although some females may have only one antler or no antlers at all (Boreal Caribou ATK Reports, 20102011). Reindeer originated in a Late Pliocene North American-Beringian radiation of New World deer [Geist 1998). As well, many genes, including those for vitamin D metabolism, fat metabolism, retinal development, circadian rhythm, and tolerance to cold temperatures, are found in tundra caribou that are lacking or rudimentary in forest types. 102, Biological Series 31, Ottawa, Ontario, 238 pp. Canis lupus pambasileus. "[20]:3. [32] Woodland caribou, a rather large subspecies, is a medium-sized ungulate which inhabits boreal and subarctic environments and exhibits "tremendous variation in ecology, genetics, behavior and morphology." A distinctive characteristic of all caribou is large crescent-shaped hooves that change shape with the season and that are adapted to walking in snow-covered and soft ground such as swamps and peat lands and assist in digging through snow to forage on lichens and other ground vegetation. A total of seven varieties, or subspecies, are recognized worldwide. Many hunters claimed that boreal woodland caribou that form very small groups, are wilder and are both hard to see and hard to hunt. 2005;[13] Yannic et al. However, on some of the smaller islands, the average weight may be less. Harding LE (2022) Available names for Rangifer (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Cervidae) species and subspecies. Alaska does have some reindeer, however . The name caribou was probably derived from the Mi'kmaq word xalibu or qalipu meaning "the one who paws". Caribou are leading indicators of old growth forest core areas. Alaska's iconic caribou herds appear to be surviving changes in the Arctic climate, despite shifts in the time periods during which their food supplies are most plentiful, according to a recent. Animals with fur include Beaver, Black Bear, Caribou, Chinchilla, and Coyote. Nature Climate Change 4: 132-137. Its range encompasses the type locality designated by Allen 1902. The caribou design on the Royal Canadian Mint quarter was first used in 1937. [93], According to Bergerud in the 1800s and early 1900s, woodland caribou numbers declined following settlement. Caribou (Reindeer) Scientific Name: Rangifer tarandus Type: Mammals Diet: Herbivore Group Name: Herd Average Life Span In The Wild: 15 years Size: 4 to 5 feet at the shoulder Weight: 240 to. Impacts are not limited to air emissions. Current and future threats leading to habitat fragmentation are expected to increase. Rangifer is originally known as a small constellation found between the constellations of Cassiopeia and Camelopardalis. They prefer to stay within the forest for most of the year and do not migrate. COSEWIC [86] designated the Labrador (Ungava) caribou, R. t. caboti, as the Eastern Migratory population, DU4. The treaty required an impact assessment and required that where activity in one country is "likely to cause significant long-term adverse impact on the Porcupine Caribou Herd or its habitat, the other Party will be notified and given an opportunity to consult prior to final decision". [12][33] The subspecies ecotype, boreal woodland caribou, have a shoulder height of approximately 1.0-1.2 m shoulder height and weigh 110210kg (242462lbs). Osgood WH (1909) Biological investigations in Alaska and Yukon Territory. The Denali National Park of Alaska is. (2006). US Department of Agriculture Biological survey of North American fauna 1: 1-285. Scientific Name: Caribou, Reindeer Rangifer tarandus: Class: Diet: Mammalia Ruminant: Range: North America, Northern Eurasia: Height: Weight: 5 to 6 feet 250 to 400 pounds Trinomial name. Until recently, nonresident and nonlocal hunters harvested about 500-800 . Caribou of the Western Arctic Herd (3.5mb PDF), gates of the arctic national park & preserve, gates of the arctic national park and preserve, Gates Of The Arctic National Park & Preserve. It ranges from Alaska through Yukon, the Northwest Territories, and then south through the Canadian Rockies. BLCN lands cover an area the size of Switzerland and overlap the oil sands. An adult caribou can eat 12 pounds of food each day. Scientific Name Rangifer tarandus Read our Complete Guide to Classification of Animals. Alashan Wapiti The Alashan Wapiti is a deer found in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia. [68][Notes 3][56] BC5 Prophet (small local population). [44][21][45][91][92][48] The recent revision[10] places them both under R. caribou, as genetic lineage data show: R. c. caboti and R. c. terranovae, respectively. [88] Because of a food shortage in 1990, their numbers were reduced to less than 100. Banfield AWF (1961) A revision of the reindeer and caribou, genus Rangifer. Dave Hervieux, Alberta's caribou specialist, confirmed the 2013 report findings that "woodland caribou are declining rapidly across Alberta. Caribou are monitored through a capture and collaring with VHF or Global Positioning System (GPS)[120] tracking collars. Current data are insufficient to identify precisely the causes of the population decline, although hunting seems to be an important proximal cause."[96]. This idea appears to be gaining public support, as evident in the public scoping comments on the National Park Service website in regards to the wolf and moose situation on [Isle Royale]. [17], According to the Canadian Wildlife Federation in Canada, "Despite its vast range, the boreal population of woodland caribou [boreal ecotype of forest-dwelling woodland caribou] has been listed as threatened by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) since 2002 and endangered in British Columbia. The boreal woodland caribou is the third largest of the caribou ecotypes [6][7] after the Selkirk Mountains caribou and Osborn's caribou (see Reindeer: Taxonomy) and is darker[8] in color than the barren-ground caribou. See Reindeer: Taxonomy), also known as eastern woodland caribou, boreal forest caribou and forest-dwelling caribou, is a North American subspecies of reindeer (or caribou in North America) found primarily in Canada with small populations in the United States. (To save caribou, Indigenous people confront difficult choices.). [15][16][17] Thus, R. a. granti was rediscovered in its original, limited range and its type species in the American Museum of Natural History remains valid. [109][110]:46, According to the 2019 Recovery Strategy for the Woodland Caribou, the "primary threat to most boreal caribou local populations is unnaturally high predation rates. "[21] In their 2005 report, Russell and McNeil reiterated concerns that new calving areas would make the herd more vulnerable, as area 1002 provides a much higher quality of diet conditions than the alternatives in Canada.[20].
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