what is the latitude of the equator

The precise location of the equator is not truly fixed; the true equatorial plane is perpendicular to the Earth's rotation axis, which drifts about 9 metres (30ft) during a year. Parallels get smaller towards the poles than closer to the Equatorial Plane. The length of a degree of arc of latitude is approximately 111 km (69 miles), varying, because of the nonuniformity of Earths curvature, from 110.567 km (68.706 miles) at the Equator to 111.699 km (69.41 miles) at the poles. These coordinates determine the location of a place on Earth, such as the equator. Near the equator, this means the variation in the strength of solar radiation is different relative to the time of year than it is at higher latitudes: maximum solar radiation is received during the equinoxes, when a place at the equator is under the subsolar point at high noon, and the intermediate seasons of spring and autumn occur at higher latitudes; and the minimum occurs during both solstices, when either pole is tilted towards or away from the sun, resulting in either summer or winter in both hemispheres. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The position of the Arctic Circle fluctuates by about 49 ft each year due to the Earths axial tilt that is determined by tidal forces resulting from the pull of the moon on the Earths waters. If we assume the Earth is a perfect sphere, lines of latitude are relatively simple to calculate. Under the WebsterAshburton Treaty of 1842, original measurement errors stand so that the boundary is not exactly at 45 degrees north but is where the survey monuments were erected in 1772. The equator is the line with 0 latitude. Earths circumference at the geographic Equator is about 40,075 km (24,901 miles); it is slightly longer than the planets polar circumference, which has a length of about 40,008 km (24,860 miles). Geographic Coordinates Also known as meridians, lines of longitude range from 0 degrees to 180 degrees from the Prime Meridian (0 degrees) in England to the International Date Line (180 degrees). The longitude can be defined maximum as 180 . At 0 degrees latitude, it equally divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Because the equator spans the diameter of the Earth, no N or S is needed to indicate which latitudinal section of Earth is being referenced. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Rainfall is very high away from cold ocean current upwelling zones, from 2,500 to 3,500mm (100 to 140in) per year. Near the equator, there is little temperature change throughout the year, though there may be dramatic differences in rainfall and humidity. When a basketball player spins a ball on their finger, they are spinning it on an axis. The equator and prime meridian are both invisible lines that circle the Earth and help us in navigation. Which planet is yellow cloudy and super hot? Measured also in degrees, minutes, and seconds, longitude is the amount of arc created by drawing first a line from Earths centre to the intersection of the Equator and the prime meridian and then another line from Earths centre to any point elsewhere on the Equator. A second of latitude covers only about 30.7 meters. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Earth's Equator is an imaginary line which divides the planet horizontally exactly halfway between the South and North pole. We still look to the sky to determine our position, but the equipment is a bit more sophisticated. These illustrate that the latitude measurement for each point equals the angle made between the line to the center of the earth and one drawn through the plane of the equator. This unique arrangement allows the Equator to receive more incoming solar radiation over the course of a year than other locations more poleward. The equator is used as the origin for the measurement of latitude because it is the line that encircles the Earths diameter. Many guidebooks and signs at the Mission Point Lighthouse describe it as being halfway between the equator and north pole. It passes through Rishiri-Rebun-Sarobetsu National Park and the adjacent town of Horonobe on the northern tip of Hokkaid, the northernmost of Japan's main islands, before heading east across the North Pacific Ocean. The hemisphere turned toward the Sun receives more sunlight and is in summer, while the other hemisphere receives less sun and is in winter (see solstice). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. World map background image by Stasys Eidiejus from, Standort Erde als Icon image by Marem from, palm tree image by Benjamin Jefferson from, "Physical Geology Laboratory Manual" Steven Okulewicz, Anderson Ohan, Peter Rigotti; 2006. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com, The Largest Countries In The World by Area. At Khanka Lake it enters northeast China, cutting across Heilongjiang and continuing through part of Jilin and eastern Inner Mongolia. GPX (secondary coordinates), The 45th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 45 degrees north of Earth's equator. There are five main parallels that are useful to explain the correlation between the Earth, the Sun, and climate. The latitude for Cape Town, South Africa, would be 33 56' S, because the city is 33 degrees, 56 minutes south of the Equator. GPX (secondary coordinates). Geography, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Physical Geography. France, Norway (Bouvet Island), and the United Kingdom are the other three Northern Hemisphere-based countries which have territories in the Southern Hemisphere. Technically, there are different kinds of latitude, which are geocentric, astronomical, and geographic (or geodetic), but there are only minor differences between them. 45th parallel north - Wikipedia Equator - Students | Britannica Kids | Homework Help But longitudinal lines perpendicularly intersect lines of latitude. Further east, the 45th parallel roughly marks the CanadaUnited States border between the St. Lawrence and Connecticut rivers, between the Canadian province of Quebec and the states of New York and Vermont. It can, however, be visited easily by taking secondary roads from Saint Seurin and consulting a standard GPS signal. After the Seven Years' War, the 45th parallel was declared the boundary between New York and Quebec. What Are the Five Major Lines of Latitude? | Sciencing In the cycle of Earth's seasons, the equatorial plane runs through the Sun twice a year: on the equinoxes in March and September. Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 45 north passes through: In Europe the 45th parallel hits the Bay of Biscay coast of France in the west. [citation needed], KML The Equator is the imaginary circle around Earth that is everywhere equidistant from the geographic poles and lies in a plane perpendicular to Earths axis. She interned at ABC's The View and published on seedmagazine.com, talkingscience.com, Staten Island Advance, and the Talking Twenties Blogzine. Latitudes are the progressive angular measurementsnorth or south of the equator are the imaginary lines running from east to west on the Earths surface. Which sphere is not directly studied in one of the main branches of Earth space science geology astronomy meteorology or oceanography A biosphere B exosphere C atmosphere D hydrosphere. GEOG Lab II Exercises 9, 10, 11 Flashcards | Quizlet These are labeled from 0 to 80 degrees north. What Is The Effect Of Latitude On Temperature? - WorldAtlas circle of illumination. Countries On The Equator [citation needed]. Lines of latitude are measured in degrees north or south of the equator to 90 degrees at the North or South poles. Equator. In the system of latitude and longitude, the Equator is the line with 0 latitude. By definition, lines of longitude respectively begin and end at the geographic north and south polesthe horizontal spacing between the lines of longitude narrow to 0 degrees at each of the poles, and widen as they approach the equator. The equator is one of the five notable circles of latitude on Earth; the other four are the two polar circles (the Arctic Circle and the Antarctic Circle) and the two tropical circles (the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn). Locations on the equator experience the shortest sunrises and sunsets because the Sun's daily path is nearly perpendicular to the horizon for most of the year. Does the earth have warmer periods when the orbit is more elliptical? Geographic coordinates are determined when lines of longitude intersect with lines of latitude. Border Townships Heritage WebMagazine", Minnesota Museum of the Mississippi and Other Natural Wonders, Midway from the Equator to the North Pole, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=45th_parallel_north&oldid=1153857953, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Territorial waters of the United States and Canada, This page was last edited on 8 May 2023, at 18:56. Therefore, any line of latitude above the equator is measured as X degrees north latitude; any below the equator is measured in X degrees south latitude (X is variable, e.g. Lines of latitude, also called parallels, are imaginary lines that divide the Earth. In northwest China it passes through the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang and the oil city of Karamay. 10 degrees, 2 degrees, and so on; the abbreviations N for north and S for south are also used). Bautista was also involved with Imagine Science Films' 2008 debut, developing public relations and co-producing videos for the website. The right image shows the Earth with the equator and Greenwich meridian line labeled. This process was more complex in the southern hemisphere, where the North Star is not visible. In astronomy the celestial equator is the great circle in which the plane of the terrestrial Equator intersects the celestial sphere; it consequently is equidistant from the celestial poles. Transecting southern Mongolia it passes through the provinces of Skhbaatar, Dornogovi (and its capital Sainshand), Dundgovi, vrkhangai, Bayankhongor, Govi-Altai, and Khovd. What is the latitude of the South Pole? GPX (secondary coordinates). A person can know quite precisely how far north or . Measuring latitude lines with high degrees of accuracy is but one component of geodesy, the science of accurately measuring and understanding the Earth's geometric shape, orientation in space, and gravity field. GPX (all coordinates) Geographic latitude is also given in degrees, minutes, and seconds. It crosses the river Rhne at Pont-de-l'Isre, just north of Valence, Drme and through Grenoble. This is slightly above the snow line and is the only place on the equator where snow lies on the ground. On a map where north is up, latitudes run laterally (left to right). [citation needed], This article is about Earth's equator. In geography, latitude is a coordinate that specifies the north - south position of a point on the surface of the Earth or another celestial body. If there is a source of wind from a body of water the area would more likely be humid subtropical. In most common references, geocentric latitude is implied. An equator divides the planet into a northern hemisphere and a southern hemisphere. earth - How to calculate the altitude of the Celestial Equator from an This article was most recently revised and updated by, National Geographic - Education - Equator, Equator - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Equator - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The WGS 84 (World Geodetic System 1984) which is a standard for use in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation including GPS, also has an equatorial radius of 6,378.137km (3,963.191mi). Each parallel measures one degree north or south of the Equator, with 90 degrees north of the Equator and 90 degrees south of the Equator. The U.S. and the United Kingdom (Canada) both asserted claims to the Pacific Northwest, in what became known as the Oregon Boundary Dispute. Which heavely bodies play hide and seek during eclipse? was a cry of American settlers. 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. After leaving Russia the parallel passes through southern Kazakhstan, skirting the northern edge of the Ustyurt Plateau. Lines of latitude are measured in degrees north or south of the equator to 90 degrees at the North or South poles. Starting at the prime meridian and heading eastwards, the Equator passes through: The Equator also passes through the territorial seas of three countries: Maldives (south of Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll), Kiribati (south of Buariki Island), and the United States (south of Baker Island). timeanddate.com What is the Equator? It is located halfway between the North and South poles. Consequently, the equator has a rather stable daytime temperature throughout the year. Did you know that the National Ocean Service (NOS) has been monitoring latitude since 1899? The Arctic Circle and the Antarctic Circle are at roughly 66 degrees north and south, respectively. What is precession and What are some of its possible consequences? In most common references, geocentric latitude is implied. What Is Longitude and Latitude? - timeanddate.com Another observatory was built in Ukiah, California, joining international stations at locations along the 39th parallel north. [3][4][N 1], The 45th parallel forms some boundaries of or passes through many U.S. states: Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine, as well as going through the Canadian provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Longitude is a measurement of location east or west of the prime meridian at Greenwich, London, England, the specially designated imaginary north-south line that passes through both geographic poles and Greenwich. Latitude is the measurement of distance north or south of the Equator. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. At this latitude the sun is visible for 14 hours, 5 minutes during the summer solstice and 10 hours, 13 minutes during the winter solstice, and the nighttime duration lasts 9 hours, 55 minutes during the summer solstice and 13 hours, 47 minutes during the winter solstice. Countries On The Equator - WorldAtlas Unlike longitude lines, which get closer to each other at the poles, latitude lines are parallel. Average annual temperatures in equatorial lowlands are around 31C (88F) during the afternoon and 23C (73F) around sunrise. GPX (primary coordinates) From the equator, latitude increases as you travel north or south, reaching 90 degrees at each pole. When a meteor hits the Earth it may form this? There is a relationship between latitude and temperature around the world, as temperatures are typically warmer approaching the Equator and cooler approaching the Poles. Latitude and Longitude - NASA observatory near his home in Gaithersburg, Maryland. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). As such, these five main parallels also mark the five geographical zones. The Southern Tropic is another reference for the Tropic of Capricorn. However, this method is not accurate enough for astronomy, global positioning, and other real-world applications. Lines of latitude are parallel to each other. Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 35 north passes through: Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Divide students into pairs. Updates? KML These are: Arctic Circle: Is the boundary of the North Frigid Zone to the north. The GRS 80 (Geodetic Reference System 1980) as approved and adopted by the IUGG at its Canberra, Australia meeting of 1979 has an equatorial radius of 6,378.137km (3,963.191mi). The equator is an imaginary line that divides the globe in half at 0 latitude. This event is called the Equinox. Near the South Pole, an arrow indicates the direction of the Earths rotation on its axis. Latitude lines start at the equator (0 degrees latitude) and run east and west, parallel to the equator. DI Library: Physical Geography (GE 306): Tutorial on Earth/Sun The reference plane for all Circles of Latitude is the Equatorial Circle of Latitude that bisects the Earth. [7] It is also the equatorial radius used for the IERS 2003 ellipsoid. The latitude of the Equator is defined as zero degrees. Despite its name, no part of Equatorial Guinea lies on the Equator. For its projection in the sky, see, "Equinox: Almost Equal Day and Night, By Aparna Kher", "Moonport: A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and Operations", "Millions of Years Ago, the Poles Moved and It Could Have Triggered an Ice Age", "The IAU 2009 system of astronomical constants: the report of the IAU working group on numerical standards for Fundamental Astronomy", "General definitions and numerical standards", "Memoria Tcnica de la Determinacin de la Latitud Cero", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Equator&oldid=1155038507, Passing 4.3km (2.7mi) north of the border with, This page was last edited on 16 May 2023, at 07:44. East of Bordeaux, in the municipality of Saint Seurin sur l'Isle, it intersects the Prime Meridian in the corner of an unremarkable field by the side of the A89 highway. The midday Sun stands 21.6 above the southern horizon at the December solstice, 68.4 at the June solstice, and exactly 45.0 at either equinox.[2]. Technically, there are different kinds of latitude geocentric, astronomical, and geographic (or geodetic)but there are only minor differences between them. Circle of latitude often called the halfway point between the equator and the North Pole, Earth's equatorial radius is not exactly the same as its polar radius, this image of a sign on the 45th parallel south, "Duration of Daylight/Darkness Table for One Year", "Concord Monitor: "New Hampshire is halfway between the equator and the North Pole just don't ask where", "The First Charter of Virginia; April 10, 1606", "The CanadaU.S. The equator is 40,075 kilometers (24,901 miles) long. Whereas lines of latitude run from east to west (horizontally), lines that run north to south (vertically) are known as lines of longitude. There is no marker or other indication of this singular point on the parallel. The Tropic of Capricorn is the parallel at which the Winter (or Southern or December) Solstice occurs when once a year the sun appears directly overhead the most southerly parallel. Aviation Week and Space Technology on 9 October 1961 reported that measurements using the Transit IV-A satellite had shown the equatorial diameter from longitude 11 West to 169 East to be 1,000 feet (305m) greater than its diameter ninety degrees away. It crosses Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America and the Atlantic Ocean. The terms summer, autumn, winter and spring do not generally apply. In other words, angle 5 is the same as your latitude. The actual boundary of Vermont lies approximately 1 kilometre (3,300ft) north of the parallel due to an error in the 1772 survey.[6]. A standard geographic coordinate system was invented to make navigating around the world easier. The latitude of the Earth's equator is, by definition, 0 (zero degrees) of arc. Using seconds of latitude, global positioning system (GPS) devices can pinpoint schools, houses, even rooms in either of these towns.Similar to latitude, the corresponding measurement of distance around the Earth is called longitude. It then continues across the Massif Central and into the Aquitaine region. If it were really circular, the length of the equator would then be exactly 2 times the radius, namely 40,075.0142km (24,901.4594mi). As one moves further away from the equator, the temperature falls because regions receive less sunlight. The Equators covers a distance on the Earths surface approximately 24,901 miles long. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. What are the effects of rotation and revolution of the Earth and the effect of the tilt of Earth's axis? While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The boundary between the U.S. and Canada was eventually established at the 49th parallel. 66.5 N. What is the latitude of the tangent rays in the southern hemisphere? It leaves the Asian mainland on the coast of Primorsky Krai in Russia, north of Vladivostok and continues through the northern part of the Sea of Japan. The capital city of Serbia Belgrade is just south of the parallel. Where Do 0 Degrees Latitude and Longitude Intersect? - ThoughtCo Latitude - Wikipedia Longitude is the points east and west of the prime meridian. The earth is commonly modeled as a sphere flattened 0.336% along its axis. No matter where you are on Earth, latitude lines are the same distance apart. 66.5 S. Why is the June solstice associated with the southern hemisphere? The Equator is the imaginary circle around Earth that is everywhere equidistant from the geographic poles and lies in a plane perpendicular to Earth's axis. What is the distance from the Equator to either the North or South poles? Latitude is the measurement of distance north or south of the Equator. This parallel is sometimes used to define the northern boundary of the subtropics. The distance from the Equator to either the North Pole or the South Pole is approximately 10,000 km (6,215 miles). The North and South Poles represent 90 North and 90 South latitudes During which phase can you see the Moon in the middle of the morning? Tropic of Capricorn: Encloses the South Temperate Zone with the Antarctic Circle. In the United States, the parallel defines the southern border of Tennessee, and the border between North Carolina and Georgia, as well as the tripoint of ArizonaCaliforniaNevada. Perhaps you have heard that the altitude of the celestial pole (3 in the figure below) is equal to your latitude. Earth's axis always pointssame direction. 30th parallel north - Wikipedia On Earth, it is an imaginary line located at 0 degrees latitude, about 40,075km (24,901mi) in circumference, halfway between the North and South poles. The added velocity reduces the fuel needed to launch spacecraft eastward (in the direction of Earth's rotation) to orbit, while simultaneously avoiding costly maneuvers to flatten inclination during missions such as the Apollo moon landings.[4].
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