bay of bengal and arabian seabay of bengal and arabian sea

[88] Story first published: Monday, July 24, 2023, 18:08 [IST] Surface movements of the waters change direction with the season, the northeast monsoon giving them a clockwise circulation, the southeast monsoon a counterclockwise circulation. From June to September it is an explosion of colours and the Wildflower Festival in Perth in September attracts more than half a million visitors. Tuna is one of the most caught fish in the Bay of Bengal. The more recent Southern Dispersal or Coastal hypothesis instead advocates that modern humans spread along the coasts of the Arabic Peninsula and southern Asia. The Bay of Bengal is the Indian Oceans second-largest subdivision after the Arabian Sea. [28], The ocean's currents are mainly controlled by the monsoon. The region has experienced some of the most intense, devastating, and costliest cyclones and storms in history. Etymology The Andaman Sea washes the shores of Thailand, Myanmar, and the Malay Peninsula. Bay of Bengal. On the northern coast of the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden is connected to the Red Sea by the strait of Bab-el-Mandeb. The unknown author of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea describes this route, as well as the commodities that were traded along various commercial ports on the coasts of the Horn of Africa and India circa 1CE. Severe storms occur at the change of monsoon, particularly to the south in October. Abstract. [80] During the 1st and 2nd centuries AD intensive trade relations developed between Roman Egypt and the Tamil kingdoms of the Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas in Southern India. The region includes two centres of endemism: the Annamite Mountains and the northern highlands on the China-Vietnam border. After the breakup of East Gondwana and the formation of the Himalayas, the Ganges-Brahmaputra rivers flow into the world's largest delta known as the Bengal delta or Sunderbans. The Central Indian Ridge is intercepted by the Owen Fracture Zone. [84], The Ottoman Empire began its expansion into the Indian Ocean in 1517 with the conquest of Egypt under Sultan Selim I. Wait a moment and try again. [58], Stretching from Shark Bay to Israelite Bay and isolated by the arid Nullarbor Plain, the southwestern corner of Australia is a floristic region with a stable climate in which one of the world's largest floral biodiversity and an 80% endemism has evolved. Etymology Strong north-east winds blow from October until April; from May until October south and west winds prevail. - CLOSED. At 20 S the temperature is about 72 to 75 F (22 to 24 C); at the 40th parallel, 57 to 61 F (14 to 16 C); and at 60 S, 30 to 32 F (1 to 0 C). The Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, together with their tributaries, drain about one-third of India. The Nicobar Islands are located about 150 km north of Sumatra, Indonesia. Chinese companies have made investments in several Indian Ocean ports, including Gwadar, Hambantota, Colombo and Sonadia. It has a surface area of 2,600,000 km 2 and stretches over a maximum length of 2,090 km and a maximum width of 1,610 km. The Arabian Sea is linked to the Red Sea by the Gulf of Aden while the Gulf of Oman links the Arabian Sea to the Persian Gulf. Save. The bay hosts the worlds largest mangrove forest (Sundarbans) and longest beach (Coxs Bazar). The northernmost extent of the Indian Ocean (including marginal seas) is approximately 30 north in the Persian Gulf. The fan of sediments of the Ganges River is the widest5 to 7 miles (8 to 11 km)and thickest in the world. The written history of the Indian Ocean, however, has been Eurocentric and largely dependent on the availability of written sources from the European colonial era. This hypothesis is supported by mtDNA research which reveals a rapid dispersal event during the Late Pleistocene (11,000years ago). [64] These hotspot tracks have been broken by the still active spreading ridges mentioned above. [32], North of 20 south latitude the minimum surface temperature is 22C (72F), exceeding 28C (82F) to the east. Corrections? Bay of Bengal . 19. The probably fictitious sailor Hippalus is said to have learnt the direct route from Arabia to India around this time. These are typically deeper than 3,000m (9,800ft) and located north of 55S and west of 80E. Warm Mozambique current blows southwards forming the Agulhas Current experienced along South Africa coast. [33] The Bay of Bengal's monsoon moves northwestward, striking the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in May and mainland India before the end of June. The Indian Ocean drainage basin is divided into roughly 800 individual basins, half that of the Pacific, of which 50% are located in Asia, 30% in Africa, and 20% in Australasia. Surface densities are considerably greater in spring than in fall, when river discharge is highest. WebDrainage into the Bay of Bengal The Ganges-Brahmaputra river system. Amphan made landfall in West Bengal on May 20 at a one-minute sustained wind of 100 mph, causing significant destruction. St. Saviours Road 8 Burlington Parade, JE2 4LA +44 1534 631633 + Add website. During the northern summer (JuneSeptember) the rain-bearing southwest monsoon prevails, as intense heat produces a low-pressure system over the continent and a subsequent air flow from the ocean. The Bay of Bengal forms the northeastern portion of the Indian Ocean. The elliptically shaped sea covers approximately 308,882 square miles. The Indian Ocean differs from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans in several other respects. The Arabian Sea is linked to the Red Sea by the Gulf of Aden while the Gulf of Oman links the Arabian Sea to the Persian Gulf. Andaman Sea The Andaman Sea is part of the eastern Indian Ocean. [83] It is the largest water region called a bay in the world. 17 June 2021 Arabian Sea emerging as a cyclone hotspot Faster warming in recent years increases Indias west coast's vulnerability to devastating storms, scientists say. Over millions of years, coelacanths evolved to inhabit different environments lungs adapted for shallow, brackish waters evolved into gills adapted for deep marine waters.[48]. Bays are of different sizes, with the larger ones referred to as sea, gulfs, bight, or sound. Five African crops sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, cowpea and hyacinth bean somehow found their way to Gujarat in India during the Late Harappan (20001700 BCE). Maps that included the Indian Ocean had been produced by Muslim geographers centuries before the Ottoman conquests; Muslim scholars, such as Ibn Battuta in the 14th century, had visited most parts of the known world; contemporarily with Vasco da Gama, Arab navigator Ahmad ibn Mjid had compiled a guide to navigation in the Indian Ocean; the Ottomans, nevertheless, began their own parallel era of discovery which rivalled the European expansion. Geological evidences suggest the tsunamis caused by these impacts reached 205m (673ft) above sea level and 45km (28mi) inland. Between November and April (winter season), a continental high-pressure system on the bays north causes the northeast monsoons to form. The Andaman Sea washes the shores of Thailand, Myanmar, and the Malay Peninsula. The sea extends south till the Breueh Island. During the two centuries that followed the reports of the explorers of Ptolemaic Egypt resulted in the best maps of the region until the Portuguese era many centuries later. WebThe Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. The Agulhas Plateau and Mascarene Plateau are the two major shallow areas. corresponding to a series of dramatic global events: Blling-Allerd, Heinrich, and Younger Dryas. Abstract. It attained its peak two days later with a wind speed of 115 mph and reached East Pakistans coast on November 11 in the afternoon. Exchanges of mass and salt between the mixed layers in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal are examined in a model of the Indian Ocean using passive tracers as a tool to map the pathways. WebThe distribution of sea surface salinity (SSS) in the Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BoB) is in contrast due to differences in air-sea freshwater fluxes and river runoff inputs.The monsoon-induced inter-basin water exchange plays an important role in regional salinity balance and atmosphere-ocean feedback in the North Indian Ocean. See all (20) During this period, independent, short-distance oversea communications along its littoral margins evolved into an all-embracing network. Save. Left: The oldest ocean floor of the Indian Ocean formed c. 150Ma when the Indian Subcontinent and Madagascar broke-up from Africa. Save. [61], The Indian Ocean, together with the Mediterranean, has connected people since ancient times, whereas the Atlantic and Pacific have had the roles of barriers or mare incognitum. Deeper than NADW, Antarctic Bottom Water flows from Enderby Basin to Agulhas Basin across deep channels (<4,000m (13,000ft)) in the Southwest Indian Ridge, from where it continues into the Mozambique Channel and Prince Edward Fracture Zone. Tourism is among the key focus area in the BIMSTEC, with the potential to generate over $200 billion. Bay of Bengal. [51], This biodiversity hotspot (and namesake ecoregion and "Endemic Bird Area") is a patchwork of small forested areas, often with a unique assemblage of species within each, located within 200km (120mi) from the coast and covering a total area of c. 6,200km2 (2,400sqmi). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [84], Scientifically, the Indian Ocean remained poorly explored before the International Indian Ocean Expedition in the early 1960s. The sea hosts abundant corals and marine life. The most prominent islands in the Bay of Bengal are the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Although its deltaic portion lies mostly in Bangladesh, the course of the Ganges [84], The East India Company (EIC) was established during the same period and in 1622 one of its ships carried slaves from the Coromandel Coast to Dutch East Indies. This bay has an average depth of 2,600 m and a maximum depth of 4,694 m. The Bay of Bengal is the worlds largest water body referred to as a bay. The Bay of Bengal is the northeasternmost part India Ocean. The main submarine features include the beginning of the long, seismically active Java Trench near the Nicobar-Sumatra mainland and of the aseismic Ninetyeast Ridge. The Arabian Sea is much narrower than the Bay of Bengal, which means that cyclones have a harder time forming. The Soviet research vessel Vityaz also did research in the Indian Ocean. The EIC mostly traded in African slaves but also some Asian slaves purchased from Indian, Indonesian and Chinese slave traders. [68], The Out of Africa theory states that Homo sapiens spread from Africa into mainland Eurasia. Like the Indonesian people above, the western sailors used the monsoon to cross the ocean. Historically, the bay has served as an important trade and shipping route, linking various countries bordering the Indian Ocean. [84], From 1405 to 1433 admiral Zheng He said to have led large fleets of the Ming Dynasty on several treasure voyages through the Indian Ocean, ultimately reaching the coastal countries of East Africa. in The Maritime Executive, 1 January 2020. Coast of Cinque Island, Andamam Islands, Bay of Bengal. Marginal seas are shallower than the ocean and have close proximity to land. The Ganges Delta is the largest river delta draining into the Bay of Bengal. The Indonesian Throughflow and precipitation results in lower salinity (34PSU) along the Sumatran west coast. A few of the pilots, however, were gifts by local Swahili rulers, including the sailor from Gujarat, a gift by a Malindi ruler in Kenya, who helped the Portuguese to reach India. It also encompasses coastal islands, including Zanzibar and Pemba, and Mafia. 44 reviews $$ - $$$ Indian Vegetarian Friendly Vegan Options. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands archipelago separates this marginal sea from the Bay of Bengal. It borders Indian, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and the Andaman and Nicobar islands of India. [53] The northern end of the Red Sea terminates in the Gulf of Aqaba and Gulf of Suez. The Bay of Bengal is the northeasternmost part India Ocean. The Ganges (Ganga), considered sacred by the countrys Hindu population, is 1,560 miles (2,510 km) long. [95], The sovereignty of the Chagos Archipelago in the Indian Ocean is disputed between the United Kingdom and Mauritius. WebAlong its core, the Indian Ocean has some large marginal or regional seas such as the Arabian Sea, Laccadive Sea, Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea . It is designated a biosphere reserve by UNESCO. The Arabian Sea is to the northwest, and the Andaman Sea to the northeast. There were also a string of prison camps across the Indian Ocean, such as Cellular Jail in the Andamans, in which prisoners, exiles, POWs, forced labourers, merchants and people of different faiths were forcefully united. r, Oman, on the northwestern coast of the Arabian Sea. WebWhy is the Bay of Bengal called a bay and not the Bengal sea? The Runion hotspot (active 7040 million years ago) connects Runion and the Mascarene Plateau to the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge and the Deccan Traps in north-western India; the Kerguelen hotspot (10035 million years ago) connects the Kerguelen Islands and Kerguelen Plateau to the Ninety East Ridge and the Rajmahal Traps in north-eastern India; the Marion hotspot (10070 million years ago) possibly connects Prince Edward Islands to the Eighty Five East Ridge. Bernhard Simon: Can The New Silk Road Compete With The Maritime Silk Road? Arabian Sea, northwestern part of the Indian Ocean, covering a total area of about 1,491,000 square miles (3,862,000 square km) and forming part of the principal sea route between Europe and India. The CDW enters the Indian Ocean through the Crozet and Madagascar basins and crosses the Southwest Indian Ridge at 30S. The Arabian Sea is much narrower than the Bay of Bengal, which means that cyclones have a harder time forming. The continental shelf makes up 15% of the Indian Ocean. Matteo Bressan: Opportunities and challenges for BRI in Europe in Global Time, 2 April 2019. Part II: Results", 10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<0311:ASODAA>2.0.CO;2, Ecosystem Profile: Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot, 2011 Update, "Annual amphidromes: a common feature in the ocean? The shallow sea links the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea through the Malacca Straits. Water Mass Exchanges between the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea from Multiyear Sampling with Autonomous Gliders Luc Rainville , Craig M. Lee , K. Arulananthan , S. U. P. Jinadasa , Harindra J. S. Fernando , W. N. C. Priyadarshani , and Hemantha Wijesekera Online Publication: 22 Sep 2022 Print Publication: 01 Oct 2022 Collections: When the monsoon winds change, cyclones sometimes strike the shores of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Bay of Bengal , large but relatively shallow embayment of the northeastern Indian Ocean , occupying an area of about 839,000 square miles (2,173,000 square km). [63], There are only two trenches in the Indian Ocean: the 6,000km (3,700mi)-long Java Trench between Java and the Sunda Trench and the 900km (560mi)-long Makran Trench south of Iran and Pakistan. These phytoplankton blooms support the marine ecosystem, as the base of the marine food web, and eventually the larger fish species. Throughout the colonial era, islands such as Mauritius were important shipping nodes for the Dutch, French, and British. The satellite SSS Arabian Sea, northwestern part of the Indian Ocean, covering a total area of about 1,491,000 square miles (3,862,000 square km) and forming part of the principal sea route between Europe and India. The archipelagoes of the central Indian Ocean, the Laccadive and Maldive islands, were probably populated during the 2nd century B.C. The Greater Nicobar Island is Nicobars largest, covering 922 km2 and has a population of about 8,067 people. Several rivers flow and discharge into the Bay of Bengal. [16], Marginal seas, gulfs, bays and straits of the Indian Ocean include:[11]. Brahmaputra River is 4,696 km long and also originates from the Himalayas. The cyclone reached its peak on May 18, attaining a wind of 160 mph. The maximum depth is 15,400 feet (4,694 metres). Guido Santevecchi: Di Maio e la Via della Seta: Faremo i conti nel 2020, siglato accordo su Trieste in Corriere della Sera, 5 November 2019. spread Islam along the western shores of the Indian Ocean, List of ports and harbours of the Indian Ocean, List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Indian Ocean, "World Map / World Atlas / Atlas of the World Including Geography Facts and Flags - WorldAtlas.com", Shankar, Vinayachandran & Unnikrishnan 2002, "Recent changes in the summer monsoon circulation and their impact on dynamics and thermodynamics of the Arabian Sea", "Plane Search Shows World's Oceans Are Full of Trash", "New marine life found in deep sea vents", "Anthropology: The sad truth about uncontacted tribes", "Chagos Islands dispute: UK 'threatened' Mauritius", "Foreign Office quietly rejects International Court ruling to hand back Chagos Islands", "Ending the history of silence: reconstructing European slave trading in the Indian Ocean", "West Africa Pirates Seen Threatening Oil and Shipping", "The Indian Ocean in Eurasian and African world-systems before the sixteenth century", "Indian Ocean food globalisation and Africa", "Local endemism within the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot", "Beyond the String of Pearls: Is there really a Security Dilemma in the Indian Ocean? Sea level also increases in the Indian Ocean, except in the south tropical Indian Ocean where it decreases, a pattern most likely caused by rising levels of greenhouse gases. [74], The Red Sea, one of the main trade routes in Antiquity, was explored by Egyptians and Phoenicians during the last two millennia BCE. During the summer monsoon (JuneSeptember), the MLD in the Arabian Sea deepens to 80 m owing to strong wind-driven vertical mixing, but the weaker winds over the Bay of Bengal restrict the turbulent mixing to a shallow depth of 30 m. As a result, SST in the Arabian Sea (Bay of Bengal) decreases to 27C (remains high 29C).